www.debian.org instead of 130.89.148.77 or 2001:67c:2564:a119::77.
A (address record): IPv4 address. This is the most common form to point a domain to an IPv4 address.
CNAME (canonical name record): alias
MX (mail exchange): an email server. This information is used by other email servers to find where to send email addressed to a given address. Each MX record has a priority. The highest-priority server (with the lowest number) is tried first (see sidebar VOLVER A LOS CIMIENTOS SMTP); other servers are contacted in order of decreasing priority if the first one does not reply.
PTR (pointer): mapping of an IP address to a name. Such a record is stored in a “reverse DNS” zone named after the IP address range. For example, 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa is the zone containing the reverse mapping for all addresses in the 192.168.1.0/24 range.
AAAA (IPv6 address record): IPv6 address.
NS (name server): maps a name to a name server. Each domain must have at least one NS record. These records point at a DNS server that can answer queries concerning this domain; they usually point at the primary and secondary servers for the domain. These records also allow DNS delegation; for instance, the falcot.com zone can include an NS record for internal.falcot.com, which means that the internal.falcot.com zone is handled by another server. Of course, this server must declare an internal.falcot.com zone.
bind, sin importar su versión, tienen la misma estructura.
falcot.com para almacenar información relacionada con este dominio y una zona 168.192.in-addr.arpa para la asociación inversa de direcciones IP en las redes locales.
Ejemplo 10.12. Extracto de /etc/bind/named.conf.local
zone "falcot.com" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.falcot.com";
allow-query { any; };
allow-transfer {
195.20.105.149/32 ; // ns0.xname.org
193.23.158.13/32 ; // ns1.xname.org
};
};
zone "internal.falcot.com" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.internal.falcot.com";
allow-query { 192.168.0.0/16; };
};
zone "168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.192.168";
allow-query { 192.168.0.0/16; };
};Ejemplo 10.13. Extracto de /etc/bind/db.falcot.com
; Zona falcot.com ; admin.falcot.com. => contacto de la zona: [email protected] $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA falcot.com. admin.falcot.com. ( 20040121 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresco 86400 ; Reintento 2419200 ; Expiración 604800 ) ; TTL de caché negativo ; ; El @ hace referencia al nombre de la zona («falcot.com» aquí) ; o a $ORIGIN (origen) si se utilizó esta directiva ; @ IN NS ns @ IN NS ns0.xname.org. internal IN NS 192.168.0.2 @ IN A 212.94.201.10 @ IN MX 5 mail @ IN MX 10 mail2 ns IN A 212.94.201.10 mail IN A 212.94.201.10 mail2 IN A 212.94.201.11 www IN A 212.94.201.11 dns IN CNAME ns
Ejemplo 10.14. Extracto de /etc/bind/db.192.168
; Zona inversa para 192.168.0.0/16 ; admin.falcot.com. => contacto de la zona: [email protected] $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA ns.internal.falcot.com. admin.falcot.com. ( 20040121 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresco 86400 ; Reintento 2419200 ; Expiración 604800 ) ; TTL de caché negativo IN NS ns.internal.falcot.com. ; 192.168.0.1 -> arrakis 1.0 IN PTR arrakis.internal.falcot.com. ; 192.168.0.2 -> neptune 2.0 IN PTR neptune.internal.falcot.com. ; 192.168.3.1 -> pau 1.3 IN PTR pau.internal.falcot.com.