cron
is the daemon responsible for executing scheduled and recurring commands (every hour, every day, every week, etc.). atd
deals with commands to be executed a single time, but at a specific moment in the future.
locate
;
crontab -e
(ses informations sont stockées dans le fichier /var/spool/cron/crontabs/utilisateur
).
/etc/crontab
ou déposer des crontab supplémentaires dans le répertoire /etc/cron.d/
. Ces deux dernières solutions ont l'avantage de pouvoir préciser l'utilisateur sous l'identité duquel exécuter la commande.
crontab
entry describes a scheduled command with the six (or seven) following fields:
Sun
, Mon
, etc.) ;
/etc/crontab
et dans les fragments déposés dans /etc/cron.d/
, mais pas les crontabs des utilisateurs) ;
a-b
describes the interval of all the values between a
and b
. The syntax a-b/c
describes the interval with an increment of c
(example: 0-10/2
means 0,2,4,6,8,10
). An asterisk *
is a wildcard, representing all possible values.
Exemple 9.2. Sample user crontab
file
#Format #min hour day mon dow command # Download data every night at 7:25 pm 25 19 * * * $HOME/bin/get.pl # 8:00 am, on weekdays (Monday through Friday) 00 08 * * 1-5 $HOME/bin/dosomething # every two hours * */2 * * * $HOME/bin/dosomethingelse # Restart the IRC proxy after each reboot @reboot /usr/bin/dircproxy
at
executes a command at a specified moment in the future. It takes the desired time and date as command-line parameters, and the command to be executed in its standard input. The command will be executed as if it had been entered in the current shell. at
even takes care to retain the current environment, in order to reproduce the same conditions when it executes the command. The time is indicated by following the usual conventions: 16:12
or 4:12pm
represents 4:12 pm. The date can be specified in several European and Western formats, including DD.MM.YY
(27.07.22
thus representing 27 July 2022), YYYY-MM-DD
(this same date being expressed as 2022-07-27
), MM/DD/[CC]YY
(i.e., 12/25/22
or 12/25/2022
will be December 25, 2022), or simple MMDD[CC]YY
(so that 122522
or 12252022
will, likewise, represent December 25, 2022). Without it, the command will be executed as soon as the clock reaches the time indicated (the same day, or tomorrow if that time has already passed on the same day). You can also simply write “today” or “tomorrow”, which is self-explanatory.
$
at 09:00 27.07.22 <<END
>
echo "Don't forget to wish a Happy Birthday to Raphaël!" \
>
| mail [email protected]
>
END
warning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh job 1 at Wed Jul 27 09:00:00 2022
at now + nombre période
. La période peut valoir minutes
, hours
(heures), days
(jours) ou weeks
(semaines). Le nombre indique simplement le nombre de ces unités qui doivent s'écouler avant exécution de la commande.
cron
, il suffit, lors d'un appel à crontab -e
, de supprimer la ligne correspondante dans la crontab où la tâche est définie. Pour les tâches at
, c'est à peine plus complexe : il suffit d'exécuter la commande atrm numéro-de-tâche
. Le numéro de tâche est indiqué par la commande at
lors de la planification mais on pourra le retrouver grâce à la commande atq
, qui donne la liste des commandes actuellement planifiées.